Self-Analysis of Leadership Abilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Self-Analysis of Leadership Abilities - Essay Example This paper discusses that  the leadership style survey test helped to assess the leadership style I normally operated out of.   After taking the self-assessment test, I computed my highest score to be that of a participative or democratic leader.   Clark explained that the best leaders â€Å"operate out of the participative mode and use the other two modes as needed†.   He cites an instance when the firm would have a new crew or a temporary work force.   Such a leader has to practice a more authoritarian type of leadership in order to get the crew to work efficiently. But for a leader who is already working with professionals or a crew which knows more about the work than he does, then a leader can best apply a delegative style of leadership.   For these instances, a participative leader makes the necessary adjustments in leadership styles based on the situation he or she is faced with.This study declares that  for the leaders who want their members to grow beyon d their employee status and knowledge, the participative leadership style helps these employees adjust and grow into their jobs.   In the interim, these employees are usually given more authority over their jobs.  Some leaders may exemplify with an impoverished leadership style, where they are weak on both tasks and on people skills; some may be authoritarian, where they are strong on tasks and weak on people skills; some may be socialites and be weak on tasks and strong on people skills; and the rest may be on the middle-of-the-road leaders, and with more experience can later manifest with good team leadership skills.

The Comitatus Bond Essay Example for Free

The Comitatus Bond Essay â€Å"So now, Beowulf, I adopt you in my heart as a dear son. Nourish and maintain this new connection, you noblest of men. . . (63)†. Beowulf is an epic poem about the adventures, journey and maturation of a young legendary warrior from adolescence to his adulthood as a noble king. He gained his great reputation from his brave deeds of slaying the monstrous Grendel, his avenging mother, and the fiery dragon while being an honorable and selfless hero and ruler. Beowulf also presents an ideal of loyalty to thane, the comitatus bond. The failure to live up to this ideal bond on the part of some thanes point up the extraordinary faithfulness of Beowulf. The comitatus bond is a comradery between a master and his warriors. This relationship requires the warriors/thanes to defend their master to the death in exchange for share of wealth, protection and weapons. However, this comitatus code goes beyond the typical warrior-defending-master relationship but rather into a bond of love and friendship. The epic story of Beowulf started out with the portrayal of a failed brotherhood. Grendel was a descendant of Cain, the most notorious slayer of his own brother and of the comitatus bond. â€Å"Cain got no good from committing that murder because the Almighty . . . exacted a price . . . [and] made him [an] anathema . . . (9).† Grendel’s lineage and the idea of a person against his family were very dishonorable and looked down upon by the Anglo-Saxon culture. Thus, Grendel came to represent a character of resentment and malice. The unfulfillment of this comitatus bond continued with the failure of King Hrothgar’s thanes to defend Haerot Hall and their lord from the vicious Grendel. This inadequacy demonstrated the complexity and the difficulty to uphold the bond between a lord and his warriors but paved as a good introduction for our valiant hero who shall overshadow all with his extreme allegiance and honor. Beowulf was considered a perfect hero through the idea of always living up to the comitatus. He started out as a young hero with a questionable reputation who needed to prove himself. After he heard about the attack on Haerot Hall, Beowulf felt his duty to defend it when the king’s current thanes could not. King Hrothgar believed that â€Å". . . His goodness guided him here to the West-Danes to defend [them] from Grendel. . . (27).† Beowulf believed in what Hrothgar stood for and was willing to fight for him. Besides his allegiance to the king Hygelac, Beowulf felt obliged for a man of great power and strength to defend Haerot in order to preserve life. This obligation fulfilled the comitatus bond between King Hrothgar and King Hygelac as well as Beowulf’s duty as a warrior to defend and protect his lord. Even after he defeated Grendel, Beowulf still did not leave until Haerot Hall was rid of all evil and malicious creatures. He knew the threat and danger Grendel’s vengeful mother posed and willfully eliminated her in order to protect the people and fully fulfill his mission. His actions and morals were defined in the comitatus code. He portrayed this comitatus image with such perfection that he can be no less than a hero and treated as such for â€Å". . . his heroism . . . will recompense him with a rich treasure (27).† This excellently depicted the lord and thane relationship for it showed the great appreciation the lord, King Hrothgar, has for his thane, Beowulf. Even when he was given such compensation and fortune, Bewoulf further demonstrated his honor and commitment to the comitatus bond by sharing the prizes with his brave thanes, who defended and helped defeat Grendel and his mother, and to his homeland. This act depicted and emphasized his chivalrous and selfless character. Even after Beowulf’s legendary feats as a warrior and thane, his extraordinary loyalty to the comitatus code still remained intact as a great and wise king. â€Å"He ruled it well for fifty winters, grew old and wise as warden of the land. . . (151).† Beowulf provided his people and thanes with wisdom, protection and prosperity for fifty years. His gradual ascension to the throne gained him more experience, knowledge and patience on ruling Geatland. However, his and his thanes’ loyalty was tested when the ferocious dragon was provoked and wreaked havoc in his kingdom. Beowulf’s amazing comitatus relationship to his people and his thanes as well as his pride and prowess ultimately led him to his own demise. His decision to fight the dragon with just a few warriors failed to prevail because of his thanes’ worthlessness and cowardice. â€Å"No help or backing was to be had then from his high-born comrades; the hand-picked troop broke ranks and ran for their lives to the safety of the wood (175).† The thanes’ unfulfillment of their comitatus bond to Beowulf proved to be the fatal defeat for their lord and their kingdom. But despite his most of his thanes’ disgraceful actions, Beowulf’s loyalty and commitment to the comitatus persisted and finally destroyed the dragon. It accentuated his amazing devotion and allegiance to his people and his thanes for it emphasized how he’s rather die of a worthy and noble cause than of old age. Beowulf has accepted his fate in confidence and perfection and that even the greatest of heroes cannot live forever. Throughout Beowulf’s life, he has adhered exceptionally to the code of conduct in which all warriors should live by. He has formed ties and set standards for lord and thane and turned a relationship of service into a bond of brotherly love and friendship. In spite of conflicts and disloyalty of some, his faithfulness and allegiance to his people and thanes endured and proved to be one of his greatest assets to turn him into a perfect model hero and a defender of the comitatus code.

I Am Against the Death Penalty Essays -- Capital Punishment Argumentat

I Am Against the Death Penalty The death penalty is the worst that can happen to a criminal if he is tried for murder, treason, or airplane hijacking. This is a very touchy subject for politicians also. Many politicians will not even speak about it for fear of looking too soft on crime, or, if they are in favor of it they will look too barbaric and uncivilized. A recent poll shows that the American population is split nearly half-and-half on the topic. In the poll, 41% preferred the death penalty, 44% were against it and 15% were unsure (Death Penalty Info). Of the fifty states, thirty-eight states use the death penalty plus the U.S. Government and Military (Death Penalty Info). Twelve states plus the District of Columbia do not use it (Death Penalty Info). From the thirty-eight states that use capital punishment, seven of them, and the U.S. Government and U.S. Military have not executed any criminals since 1977.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I am against the death penalty because of many reasons. I feel that government sanctioned killing is wrong in whatever form it comes, whether that be killing an unborn baby during an abortion, killing an elderly person by euthanasia, or killing a criminal by the electric chair. When I think of the death penalty, an old saying comes to my mind; ?Two wrongs don?t make a right.? I feel this is exactly the opposite of what the government should stand for. There is no way to make up for murder, treason, or airplane hijacking, and many times the criminal ...

Drawing Essay

I believe drawing is the single most important skill for any visual artist to acquire, whether they are a painter, illustrator, graphic designer, or fashion designer. It is simply the act of â€Å"seeing† made visual. When one learns how to draw, what they are really learning is the ability to see more clearly and communicate what they see or can imagine. As such, drawing is a tool for study, and communication even before it is a tool for making art. When you draw a picture, do you draw the character in blocks first or what? I just can’t seem to get my characters anatomically right. I saw your booklist on your site. Do you know of any books which teach you to draw the body in blocks? From Christine Lau I don’t draw â€Å"blocks† first when drawing a figure. Usually I’ll do a very loose, light, scribbly â€Å"gesture† drawing instead. If you want to learn the â€Å"blocks† method, try any of the books by George Bridgeman, Andrew Loomis, or the books by Robert Beverly Hale. (all are listed on my site) Avoid books by Burne Hogarth, (one of my old teachers) as they aren’t very accurate and can be very misleading. (note: Glenn Vilppu’s books are also an excellent source!) By far, the best book for anatomy though is the book by Stephen Rogers Peck (also on the site). There is no â€Å"quick fix† for drawing anatomy†¦it just takes a few years of study. Keep it up though, it’s worth it once you get a handle on it!!! p.s. Also, draw from live nude models as much as possible, that’s the best method to learn it. †¦What is the hardest thing to draw? From Everybody! Nothing is really harder or easier to draw in a mechanical sense. If a person can draw one thing, they are perfectly capable of drawing something else with the same degree of accuracy. The problem is in the phrase â€Å"the same degree of accuracy.† If someone says they can draw, for instance, landscapes, but they can’t draw people, what they are really saying is, â€Å"when I draw landscapes, I draw well enough that no one can tell what I’ve drawn incorrectly.† The reason people, and especially faces, are so difficult to draw is not because they themselves are any harder to draw than a tree. What changes is our tolerance as viewers for any degree of inaccuracy. We are so intimately familiar with faces and their associated nuances, that the slightest deviation appears as a gross misproportion. Because of this, I am constantly demanding my students draw people, and especially self-portraits, because they effectively highlight any weak skill areas that need attention. My students erroneously believe it’s because I’m sadistic. †¦What purpose does drawing have for artists today? From Carole (Shropshire, United Kingdom) I think people often misrepresent drawing as a medium, or group of mediums, rather than an activity. I see drawing as the visual equivalent of language. It is simply the way we communicate ideas visually through a series of marks on a ground. So to rephrase the question, it is a little like asking â€Å"What purpose does speaking have for people today?† For both, the answer I would give is the communication of information. This information can take the form of ideas, thoughts, commentary, entertainment, or just literal facts, but for all of these, drawing is just the mode of transmission. How artfully this is done is another, separate, issue. In the case of artists specifically, it is the fastest and most efficient way to represent an idea visually. Far more immediate than any other way of doing it, a quickly drawn sketch or thumbnail is usually the â€Å"first look† an artist has at how they might execute an idea.

Discuss Hamlet’s attitude to death and the afterlife Essay

Hamlet a product of Shakespearean times has a different view on death, the afterlife and the divinity of the monarchy to any person today. Everyone in the Elizabethan and Jacobean era believed that there was an afterlife. Everyone believed in God, in witches, fairies and in ghosts. No one saw the dichotomy between their varied beliefs as we do today. Hamlet, as a result of the time in which he was raised, had a very complex attitude towards life and death. This was due to his religious beliefs and his basic morality. Although Hamlet has reasonably strong religious beliefs, he also lived life in the post- renaissance way. The Renaissance era said that there was, more to life than religion and although religion should not be discarded, other things should be considered. ‘Hamlet’ is a typical post-renaissance drama, with several plots interlacing frequently, to produce a complex composition giving meaning through contrast rather than unfolding each event in a single sequence. All the plots involve characters having to kill other characters for one reason or another. For example Claudius plots to kill Hamlet, and Hamlet plots to kill Claudius. It is through Hamlet’s turmoil about whether or not to kill Claudius that his views on religion and the supernatural appear. Although Hamlet wants to kill Claudius, he is prevented from doing so by his religious belief that God gives you life, therefore you have no right to take either your own life of that of another. This is also the reason why Hamlet cannot kill himself. When Hamlet sees Claudius trying to pray, he has a perfect opportunity to kill him but he does not, due once again to the contemporary beliefs about death and the afterlife. He believes that if he kills Claudius whilst he is praying his soul will go straight to Heaven even though he killed old Hamlet. Claudius’ prayers mean that he is in a state of perfect grace, with all his sins forgiven, so therefore, he will go to Heaven. Hamlet obviously does not want this. His father is forced to remain in purgatory and to suffer the misery of wandering the earth night after night because Claudius killed him while he was sleeping and unable to seek redemption. It is not surprising therefore, that Hamlet does not want his stepfather to have the happy ending his father never got. As John Russel Brown says: 1’Within ‘Hamlet’, Shakespeare has created a hero who is compelled instinctively to seek and exact revenge and yet lives in a world created by an all-seeing all powerful, and merciful God. ‘ When Hamlet kills Polonius, he sees himself as ‘Heavens scourge and minister’, as if his violent and instinctive reaction had been in accordance with Gods will. Such references together with various calls upon ‘God’ or ‘Heavenly powers’, remind an audience of secure moral judgements that call for repentance and mercy or for punishment. They mark the play as contemporary, not belonging to a pre-Christian Denmark, and ensure that Hamlet’s progress in revenge does not move him entirely from customary judgements even though he believes he could ‘drink hot blood’ and envisions evil spreading throughout the world. Therefore here Hamlet is showing that although he is a good Christian follower, he seeks revenge for the murder of his father. Laertes, another character to lose his father and his sister, who are both related to Hamlet in one way or another, deals with his feelings for seeking revenge in a very different way to Hamlet. Although at first Laertes believes that Claudius killed his father, his reaction to his father’s death differs greatly. Laertes does not care about morals very much: To hell, allegiance! Vows, to the blackest devil! Conscience and grace, to the profoundest pit! ‘ He is prepared to go to Hell to get revenge for his father’s death. He then continues to say. ‘I dare damnation. To this point I stand. That both the worlds give to negligence, let come what comes; only I’ll be reveng’d, Most throughly for my father. Laertes is saying that he does not care what the consequences are, he will seek revenge even if he has to damn his soul to get it. Laertes decides that he will murder Hamlet, by poisoning the dagger he will be fighting him with. This, he knows, will definitely lead to Hamlets death. Laertes makes a decision and sticks with it, unlike Hamlet who is considered insane around the time he is thinking about killing Claudius. Hamlet is even considering taking his own life; therefore Laertes would appear to be the more stable of the two. However, much of Hamlet’s procrastination lies in the fact that he intellectualizes the moral issues involved in life and death, good and evil. Both characters end up with the same fate; death. Laertes behaves like a typical hero of a revenge tragedy, rushing headlong into revenge and his own death without pausing to weigh the consequences of his actions. When old Hamlet appears, Hamlet questions whether or not to believe it is his father. Hamlet is in a very emotional state, he is thinking of suicide due to his father’s death, and now he has appeared before him, it is little wonder that he is shaken up. Hamlet’s indecisiveness as to whether the ghost is really his father, is seen when he says ‘I’ll call thee Hamlet, King Father, royal Dane’, until he hears otherwise. He is wary because it was believed at the time that ghosts brought evil and were not good however, because the ghost so resembles his father and because Hamlet mourns him, he is prepared to believe that it is an honest ghost. The ghost confirms his identity, to Hamlet by saying ‘I am thy Father’s spirit, Doom’d for a certain term to walk the night, And for the day confin’d to fast in fires, Till the foul crimes done in my days of nature Are burn’t and purg’d away’. Once again, the audience learns something about Jacobean religious views and beliefs. Old Hamlet is telling us that due his being murdered so quickly, he did not have time to repent his sins, and therefore he is stuck in purgatory the place between Heaven and Hell until God forgives them. However Hamlet and Horatio are both men with high academic achievements, and both scholars, therefore it would be unlikely they would imagine such a thing. Both of them see the ghost on the battlement as do Barnado, Francisco and also Marcellus who sees its appearance as a sign that something is rotten in the state of Denmark. Although Gertrude never sees the Ghost, its validity and existence is proven by the fact that both Hamlet and Horatio have seen it. 2 The fact that Gertrude has an inability to see the Ghost might suggest the fact that she had nothing to do with the murder of old Hamlet or that she is too insensitive to see it – an idea born out by her insensitively speedy marriage to Claudius. This also appears to be the case in MACBETH another of Shakespeare’s plays, in the banquet scene, when the guilty Macbeth sees the ghost of Banquo but no one else does. As a result of the information Hamlet receives from his father about his death, and his mother’s behavior, Hamlet feels that life in Denmark is worthless. He feels now with the death of his father, and the incestuous he feels relationship between his mother and Claudius, that his life is also meaningless and worthless thus he discusses committing suicide. ‘O, that this too too solid flesh would melt, thaw, and resolve itself into a dew’. He then describes how distraught he is that his father was only dead a month when his mother got married to Claudius, and how he must ‘hold his tongue’. In spite of this he cannot kill himself because God gave him his life, therefore he has no right to take it. ‘The Everlasting ‘has’ ‘fixed / His canon gainst self-slaughter’.

How To Make a Crystal Skull

How To Make a Crystal Skull Learn how to make your own crystal skull, for Halloween, Day of the Dead, or just decorating your space. Its an easy crystal growing project that produces an interesting conversation piece. Crystal Skull Materials I choose borax to grow the crystal skull, but you could use any crystal recipe. One interesting option might be to grow a sugar crystal skull and place it in a punch bowl. boraxboiling watersmall paper skull (I got mine at Michaels craft store)bowl deep enough to hold ​the  skull Crystallize the Skull Make sure the bowl is deep enough to hold the skull.Pour boiling or very hot water into the bowl.Stir in borax until it stops dissolving. This project looks cool with clear crystals, but if you like, you can add food coloring to color the crystals of the skull.Place the skull in the bowl of crystal growing solution. Paper or cardboard skulls take a while to absorb the liquid, so the skull may float for a while. This is fine and usually resolves on its own, but you can weight down the skull with a glass or another bowl if it bobs up to much. Another option is to turn the skull periodically to make sure all surfaces get exposed to the liquid.Check the progress of crystal growth every couple of hours. You should have a nice crop of crystals within an hour to overnight, depending on how saturated your solution was and how quickly it cooled. When you are satisfied with the crystals, remove the skull and place it on a paper towel to dry.If you want even more crystals on the skull, take the crystal skull and place it in fresh solution to get a second layer of crystal growth. Make sure the new solution is saturated (no more borax will dissolve) or youll risk dissolving some crystals rather than growing more.

Examinnig Social Exclusion Faced By Elderly People Social Work Essay Essay Example

Examinnig Social Exclusion Faced By Elderly People Social Work Essay Essay Example Examinnig Social Exclusion Faced By Elderly People Social Work Essay Essay Examinnig Social Exclusion Faced By Elderly People Social Work Essay Essay This instance analyze intends to analyze the demographic factors that are likely to hold an impact on societal exclusion, and in this instance with respect to aged people in modern-day society. It is important to analyze alterations within the British lodging policy since 1979 in order to measure the current state of affairs that aged people are faced with. Over the past few decennaries lodging jobs have affected cultural minorities, mentally sick persons and adult females ; nevertheless this instance survey will concentrate entirely on the surveies stand foring such claims in relation to aged citizens. However, one of the effects of presenting the term social exclusion was that it led some people to presume that low income and disaffection were basically unconnected and that each could be considered individually when developing policy.A This, in bend, led to the inclination in some circles to downgrade the importance of turn toing issues of low income, on the evidences that its consequence was merely to restrict the stuff goods that a family could get instead than holding any broad societal impact. In order to turn to sociologically the deductions that the British Housing Act has had on the aged in relation to lodging and societal exclusion it is important to reexamine the policy itself to turn to the constructions and hence any reverberations ; at the bend of the millenary there were more people populating in or on the borders of poorness that at any clip in British history. Harmonizing to this most strict study of poorness and societal exclusion of all time undertaken, by the te rminal of 1999 about 14 million people in Britain, or 25 % of the population were objectively populating in poorness. ( Pantaziz, p1 ) Furthermore, believing sociologically the issue of societal exclusion must be addressed as it is a cardinal sociological argument in modern times. The older coevalss in our societies are capable to societal exclusion in many ways, for illustration ; not surprisingly poorer pensionaries, peculiarly older pensionary twosomes are by and large more likely to describe being excessively old, ill, vomit or disenable to take part in societal activities. ( Pantaziz, p451 ) Thus an association can be made between lodging jobs and societal exclusion as they both come under the umbrella of poorness. It is evident that if older members of society can non afford to partake in common societal activities they will go stray from society. Furthermore, a study carried out by The Age concern in 2002 found that one in three older people felt that fright of offense affected their quality of life and made them experience lonely and stray. ( Pantaziz, p451 ) Therefore, one can presume a nexus between the quality of lodging for older citizens and where their home is situated, frequently in low-level parts of communities, where the hazard off offense is increased. Consequently poorness is clearly a major cause of pensionary exclusion ; it is associated with restricted public-service corporation service usage, increased debts, inability to entree aged services, inability to take part in common societal activities and increased parturiency, societal isolation and deficiency of societal support. ( Pantaziz, p451 ) In add-on, the type of lodging aged occupants live in are frequently highly old belongingss with old adjustments and are in hapless fix, yet they do non hold the financess to modernize or do such fixs and are hence viewed as life below the poorness line due to the status of their belongingss. The statistics below from The Office for National Statistics 2006 depict how the quality of life does fall with age and this can be linked to the type of lodging an single lives in. Quality of life of people aged 50 and over by age measured by CASP-19 tonss, England, 2006 For adult females, the overall quality of life additions between the age groups of 50-54 and 55-59 but thereafter lessenings with age. For work forces there is a similar form but it occurs somewhat subsequently. The overall quality of life additions between the age groups of 55-59 and 60-64 but so decreases with age. In other words, for both adult females and work forces, the quality of life tonss decrease from province pension age onwards with the fastest diminution happening after the age of 70. ( National Statistics Online 2006 ) This could so intend that regardless of the lodging and fiscal state of affairs elderly citizens may happen themselves in, they will ever be given to lose their quality of life with age as a natural impairment. In order to grok the consequence of The British Housing Policy since 1979 had on the aged with respect to lodging and societal exclusion, it is besides of import to recognize that welfare regimes play an of import function in diminishing the hazards of poorness and poorness related societal exposure among aged people. ( Avramor, p.36 ) However, the two chief boards of the lodging policy since have been, foremost, the thrust to widen proprietor business every bit far as possible and, 2nd, to retrench badly outgo on council lodging by raising rents, denationalization and cuts in bricks and howitzer subsides and investing. Housing policy has therefore played a direct function in the growing of both homelessness and term of office population by marginalizing renters and restricting the supply of societal rented lodging. ( Laybourn, p46 ) The work of Ray Forrest and Alan Murie has reviewed the widespread proviso of public lodging and notes how the of import alterations since 1979 include the sale of council lodging and other stairss taking to the privitisation of lodging have in fact had affects on the lodging of the aged. ( Van Vliet, p97 ) It can hence be acclaimed that the election in 1979 has had a important impact on lodging in this state, for illustration ; the decrease in the size of public lodging sector has become portion of a general scheme to restructure and cut down province proviso across the whole scope of public assistance beginnings, including instruction, wellness and lodging. Therefore with this ethos the proportion of aged families in income unstable conditions would stand at 30 per centum were it non for the benefits that supplement pensions and unequal incomes from work and private beginnings. But one time societal benefits are included, income precariousness among the aged falls to 22 per centum. ( Avramor, p.36 ) Furthermore while the auxiliary benefits system is rather effectual in comparative footings in the UK, the proportion of aged who remain in income precariousness conditions affects every bit many as three out of 10 aged families. ( Avramor, p.36 ) It is of involvement to research the effects that face non merely aged people but besides minority cultural older people. After researching this subject it has become evident that ; it is possible that the presence of older relations within the larger family is diagnostic of a deficiency of lodging for minority cultural older people. ( Somerville, p54 ) In add-on there has been an increasing organic structure of work that has examined the lodging demands of minority cultural older people. Blakemore and Boneham 1994 and Bright 1996 have studied the minority older people who are populating in sheltered adjustment ; it may be, nevertheless, that a greater precedence for many families is the proviso of adjustment that would let older people to populate with their households if they so wish. In these instances, it would be more appropriate to help the families to widen bing adjustment and to supply appropriate societal services support for older people within a family, instead than to su pply specialist adjustment, separated from households. ( Somerville, p55 ) Although despite considerable accomplishments in poorness alleviation, the aged are over represented among low income and hapless families. Sing the disadvantages experienced in regard of lodging and families durable goodss, we can detect both age and generational-based alterations in the perceptual experience of demands and outlooks, with the aged by and large being more satisfied even when they own seeable less than younger people. In developed states, societal exclusion lodging jobs by and large concern their comparative hapless who are to a big extent socially disadvantaged non-working or public assistance dependant. The societal exclusion lodging jobs particularly concern big low-cost lodging rental estates where renters are mostly confined in their ain excluded sub-society and this seems to be where a bulk of aged citizens live ; accordingly supplying a nexus between poorness, societal exclusion and lodging jobs for the aged. This instance survey outlines how aged citizens face and go on to confront a hapless quality of lodging and a sense of isolation and exclusion in modern-day society. Bibliography Avramov, D. ( 2002 ) People, human ecology and societal exclusion. Council of Europe. Fulcher, J A ; Scott, J. ( 2007 ) Sociology, Oxford. Oxford University Press. Glennerster, H. ( 2004 ) One hundred old ages of poorness and policy. Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Laybourn, K. ( 2003 ) Modern Britain since 1979: a reader. IB Tauris. Pantaziz, C. ( 2006 ) Poverty and Social exclusion in Britain: the millenary study. The Policy imperativeness. Somerville, P. ( 2002 ) Race, lodging and societal exclusion. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Somerville, P. ( 1998 ) Explanations of societal exclusion: where does lodging tantrum in? Housing Surveies, vol 13, no 4: 761-780. Vliet Van, W. ( 1985 ) Housing demands and policy attacks: tendencies in 13 states. Duke University Press. Office for National Statistics ( 2006 ) Focus On Older People ; hypertext transfer protocols: //www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/foop05/OlderPeopleOverview.pdf and hypertext transfer protocol: //www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp? id=2174 Office for National Statistics ( 2001 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.statistics.gov.uk/focuson/ethnicity/ A Case Study stand foring the lodging jobs encountered by black and cultural minority groups and backgrounds with mention to relevant elements of British Hosing Policy since 1979. This Case Study will besides show a clear apprehension of the construct of Social Exclusion experienced by the people within these groups, This instance analyze intends to analyze the lodging jobs that black and cultural minority persons are faced with in modern-day society. Ethnic minority workers were discriminated against in lodging, instruction and societal policy, and underrepresented in trade brotherhoods and political life. ( Laybourn, p.245 ) Furthermore ; While Britain in 1979 benefited from a richly diverse society, methods of battling the racism, favoritism and disadvantage that affected cultural grouping has non yet been developed. ( Laybourn, p245 ) The instance analyze intends to discourse the political and societal facets of the lodging state of affairs for black and cultural minorities. Social facets will concentrate upon societal exclusion and favoritism including both theories and statistics to expose sociological issues. The sociologist John Rex suggested that in lodging, employment, instruction and urban planning immigrant minorities from Asia, Africa and the West Indies have suffered disadvantage due to racial favoritism. Furthermore Rex and Robert Moore ( 1967 ) , in their well known survey on race dealingss in Birmingham unearthed how black and cultural minorities do in fact face societal exclusion with respect to lodging. The sociologists examined the function of urban gatekeepers, such as landlords, constructing society directors and lodging functionaries, in the distribution of adjustment. It is evident that the local authorization s processs for apportioning council lodging were peculiarly critical in finding which groups occupied which lodging in which countries ; eligibility for council houses depended foremost on being a occupant for five old ages and so on the figure of points accumulated, which took history of such affairs as bing lodging conditions, wellness and war service. ( Fulcher A ; Scott, p505 ) Furthermore Rex and Moore suggested how such standards necessarily disadvantaged the cultural minorities, who were forced into lodging houses by the five old ages abode regulation. Furthermore, when they had met this demand and had accumulated adequate points to do them eligible for council lodging, they by and large found that they were allocated hapless quality lodging in slum countries. Rex and Moore noted that the standards used by the Housing Visitor, who allocated Council Housing, were non made populace, and at that place was plentifulness of range here for favoritism on racial evidences. ( Fulcher A ; Scott, p505 ) The survey does show the restrictions in understanding cultural competition for countries. Such competition has occurred but within a model of local authorization ordinance and a construction of cultural relationships. ( Fulcher A ; Scott 2007 ) However, the standard antecedently used by local governments has since changed, yet this can give rise to a set of different jobs. Housing is now supplied and allocated on a footing of demand, but when locals have been waiting and are overtaken by an immigrants it causes much contention within a community. Within the United Kingdom, in-migration has been a cardinal political issue in recent old ages for a figure of grounds such as illegal in-migration, unemployment, offense and race relation issues. With mention to this survey it is noteworthy that lodging is another cardinal issue that has arisen within the subject of in-migration. It is necessary to see national statistics on lodging and cultural minorities to estimate the jobs of societal exclusion that they may be faced with and to detect how their populations may impact the type of quality of lodging that they inhabit. The diagram below depicts which cultural group has the largest families. Size of families can be related to lodging type and criterion and hence societal exclusion as larger households that are populating below the poorness line find themselves capable to favoritism. Average family size: by cultural group of family mention individual, April 2001, GB The information portrays how Asiatic families are larger than any other cultural groups. Households headed by a Bangladeshi individual were the largest of all with an mean size of 4.5 people in April 2001, followed by Pakistani families ( 4.1 people ) and Indian families ( 3.3 people ) . ( Office for National Statistics 2001 ) Furthermore the smallest families were found among the White Irish ( mean size 2.1 people ) . Black Caribbean and White British families were the following smallest, both with an mean size of 2.3 people. All these groups have an older age construction than other cultural groups, and incorporate a higher proportion of one-man families. Thirty-eight per cent of Black Caribbean families, 37 per cent of White Irish families and 31 per cent of White British families contained merely one individual. Merely 9 per cent of Bangladeshi families contained merely one individual. ( Office for National Statistics 2001 ) Somerville emphasises the statistics ; the lodging plac e of minorities consequences from a assortment of external forces, chiefly to make with the prejudiced behavior of persons and the actions/policies of lodging market establishments and exchange professionals. Therefore structural restraints take theoretical primacy over single picks. ( Somerville, p29 ) Thinking sociologically, in order to discourse how lodging jobs may socially except cultural minorities, statistics demoing the different types of house ownership amongst such minorities allows one to separate the current state of affairs in modern-day society and set up any tendencies. Home ownership: by cultural group, April 2001 Sarin Black African, Other Black and Bangladeshi families were the least likely to have their ain places. Around a one-fourth of Black African families ( 26 per cent ) and less than two-fifths of Other Black and Bangladeshi families ( 36 per cent and 37 per cent ) were home-owners in 2001. Black African and Bangladeshi families were most likely to be populating in socially rented adjustment. In 2001, around a half of Black African families ( 50 per cent ) and Bangladeshi families ( 48 per cent ) lived in socially rented adjustment. Between 1991 and 2001 place ownership rates fell for Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Black African families. During that period place ownership decreased from 82 per cent to 76 per cent for Indian families, from 76 per cent to 67 per cent for Pakistani families, from 44 per cent to 37 per cent for Bangladeshi families and from 28 per cent to 26 per cent for Black African families. ( National Statistics Online 2001 ) It is evident that the societal rented sect or plays an of import function in the lodging of cultural minority families. This is peculiarly true for African Caribbean families ; 45 per cent of whom are housed by local governments or lodging associates harmonizing to the 1991 Census compared with 24 per cent of white families. ( Somerville, p77 ) Social exclusion faces many cultural minorities within the UK today ; this instance survey has proved such issues. A survey by Patterson ( 1963 ) depicts how Brixton in cardinal Lambeth had important degrees of in-migration from the West Indies that began in 1948. Poor economic chances in the country among the black and white populations led those who felt themselves to be different from one another to come into struggle over economic resources. The chief country of competition and struggle between black and white occupants was lodging. As a consequence of wartime devastation, there was a general deficit of lodging in the country. As a consequence, African Caribbean migrators were concentrated in the worst and comparatively expensive lodging. Therefore, housing segregation and the differing experiences of those in the black and white communities has a footing for serious cultural misinterpretation and provided fertile land for the growing of ill will and struggle. ( Fulcher A ; S cott, p219 ) This therefore reiterates the societal exclusions that cultural minorities face in modern-day society and how lodging state of affairss heightens such exclusion. This instance survey outlines a few cardinal issues that face cultural minorities within Great Britain today. It has been established that as a societal group they face stigmitisation in society, in peculiar where lodging is concerned. The Labour authorities elected in 1997, did non explicitly deny the being of poorness as its conservative predecessors had done, it recongised the beings of important want in income, assets and living conditions. ( Fulcher A ; Scott 2007 ) This want has non, nevertheless, been seen as a consequence of inequality as such. Rather it is seen as reflecting procedures of societal exclusion, a societal procedure that minoritie still face today.

10 Misplaced Modifier Examples

10 Misplaced Modifier Examples 10 Misplaced Modifier Examples 10 Misplaced Modifier Examples By Mark Nichol Misplaced modifier is the syntactical error of misplacing nonessential but supplemental information within a sentence. It is so common among professional writers as well as those who are not paid to write (or for whom writing is not a primary job responsibility) that it is easy to find multiple examples of such a mistake during one’s casual reading of news articles, as demonstrated by the collection of sentences from such sources in this post. Examples are followed by discussion of the error and one or more revisions. 10 Examples 1. Smith said his company won’t tolerate hate groups during his congressional testimony earlier this week. The implication is that the company will limit its intolerance to the duration of the session during which he gives testimony. Here, the sentence is rephrased to clarify that the intolerance is ongoing: â€Å"Smith said during his congressional testimony earlier this week that his company won’t tolerate hate groups.† 2. That’s how many would be needed to reach a two-thirds majority of 288 votes, assuming all Democrats vote â€Å"yes,† the margin required for a veto override. The syntax implies that the assumed Democratic-bloc vote is the margin, but the 288 votes (against the remaining votes) is the margin, so the phrase â€Å"assuming all Democrats vote ‘yes’† should be isolated as a parenthetical: â€Å"That’s how many would be needed to reach a two-thirds majority of 288 votes- assuming all Democrats vote ‘yes’- the margin required for a veto override.† However, because dashes imply an emphasis, this method seems obtrusive, so placing it in actual parentheses, which suggest subordination of the additional information, is better: â€Å"That’s how many would be needed to reach a two-thirds majority of 288 votes (assuming all Democrats vote ‘yes’), the margin required for a veto override.† This approach, however, is still distracting. Best yet, the parenthetical phrase can be moved to an earlier position in the sentence: â€Å"That’s how many would be needed, assuming all Democrats vote ‘yes,’ to reach a two-thirds majority of 288 votes, the margin required for a veto override.† 3. Lessons learned from preparation of the previous year’s statements should be addressed the following year (e.g., any issues encountered in applying new policies). The recommended action â€Å"should be addressed the following year† is the point of the sentence, so it should appear at the end, following the parenthesis: â€Å"Lessons learned from preparation of the previous year’s statements (e.g., any issues encountered in applying new policies) should be addressed the following year.† 4. That is where a technology committee can be useful- a smaller, focused board group working with management on long-term digital and innovation strategy. The portion of the sentence following the dash details what is meant by â€Å"technology committee,† so it should immediately follow that term: â€Å"That is where a technology committee- a smaller, focused board group working with management on long-term digital and innovation strategy- can be useful.† 5. An attack at the synagogue left eleven people dead, many of them elderly. â€Å"Many of them elderly,† as a phrase modifying people, should immediately follow that word, which also places the sentence’s key word, dead, at the end of the sentence, where it has the most impact: â€Å"An attack at the synagogue left eleven people, many of them elderly, dead.† 6. Information on each of these activities is available online, which will help will cultivate real-world experience building, hunting, and analyzing. The activities themselves, rather than the fact that information on each of them is available online, will be helpful in the cultivation of real-world experience, so the dependent clause, which describes that benefit, should immediately follow activities, not online: â€Å"Information on each of these activities, which will help will cultivate real-world experience building, hunting, and analyzing, is available online.† 7. Such systems can only screen those messages that contain a payment instruction. Misplacement of only in a sentence is rampant, especially in conversation, but in formal writing, the word should follow the verb it modifies. In this sentence, the syntax implies that the systems can screen but can do nothing else; the meaning is that they can screen a certain category of messages but no others, as reflected in this revision: â€Å"Such systems can screen only those messages that contain a payment instruction.† 8. Jones said he assumes Smith erased the messages on his phone, not a member of Smith’s staff, and he doesn’t know whether the texts can be recovered. The placement of the parenthetical here implies that the messages were erased and a person was not erased, but the point of the sentence is that Smith, rather than a member of his staff, did the erasing, as clarified here: â€Å"Jones said he assumes Smith, not a member of Smith’s staff, erased the messages on his phone, and he doesn’t know whether the texts can be recovered.† 9. Congress controls federal spending, not the president. This sentence implies that â€Å"federal spending† and â€Å"the president† are counterpoints (suggesting that Congress controls federal spending, but it doesn’t control the president); the following revision clarifies that it is Congress and â€Å"the president† that are parallel: â€Å"Congress, not the president, controls federal spending† (which means that Congress controls federal spending and the president does not). 10. We had known since 1866 that solid objects can reflect radio waves, thanks to German physicist Heinrich Hertz. The implication here is that we have Hertz to thank for the fact that solid objects can reflect radio waves. However, he is responsible not for the phenomenon, but for our awareness of it. The parenthetical can be reinserted into the sentence in any one of several places, but whatever position it takes, the sentence should end with the key information that solid objects can reflect radio waves: â€Å"We had known since 1866, thanks to German physicist Heinrich Hertz, that solid objects can reflect radio waves.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Spelling Test 1Ten Yiddish Expressions You Should KnowDealing With A Character's Internal Thoughts

Personal statement to LSE MScFinance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal statement to LSE MScFinance - Essay Example The two wonderful years that I have studied with this fine institutionwo-year experience at th have further intensified my interest in this subject. It has been a joy to tackle difficult problems in my Corporate Finance course. I am happy to see how financial theories are closely linked to everyday functions. I appreciate mechanism of successful agile investors who are quick to spot market opportunities and foster business ideas. Therefore, I am very excited to explore more about corporate finance, financial valuations and forecasting. Pursuing a Masters will not only equip me with relevant professional knowledge but also broaden my future career path. LSE is the ideal choice for me because of its internationally renowned reputation, strong expertise in finance related areas as well as the sophisticated career services that are on offer. I believe that studying accounting and finance for my Bachelors degree has further prepared me for a Masters in a finance-related field. Studying financial accounting modules has taught me how to prepare financial statements, extract crucial information from company reports and evaluate and compare businesses. On the other hand,aking managerial accounting and auditing courses have helped me to make strategic business decisions, cultivate greater commercial and business awareness and, at the same time, given me a deeper understanding of contemporary regulatory environments. Finance has always been my favorite subject. It is marvellous to see how sophisticated products, such as futures and swaps, have been specially tailored for clients to transfer risks between counterparties. I have also enjoyed studying the behaviors of stock prices and empirical tests of asset pricing models. Economics is another subject that has always been appealing to me. Business cycle models and international trade theories have helped me to better understand government policies and the macro

South Asian Sufism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

South Asian Sufism - Research Paper Example This diversity has to a certain extent been created by the subcontinent?s numerous linguistic and cultural customs and its unique networks beyond the region. In terms of Islamic roots, Sufism has, in a way, played a key role in the spread of Islamic devotional and spiritual life in South Asia. At some stage in the eighth and ninth centuries A.D., a novel prominence began to grow within Islam. This prominence was a constructive response against the established uncongenial and ceremonial nature of Islam. The quest for deeper meaning started with a pietistic simplicity, which in turn led to the advance of the well-acknowledged mystical side of Islam - known as Tasawwuf or Sufism. Sufism is in essence a spiritual form of Islam focusing on the connection between the individual and divinity. The Sufis surfaced in South Asia around 800 years ago, and were initially stanch devotees, whose meager woolen attire signified their humility, hence the word â€Å"Sufi† that denotes Arabic wor d for wool. The Sufis sought the mysticism, divine realism or eventual truth that stands over all the fantasies and deceptions about the materialistic society. In order to attain ecstatic unification with God, Sufis integrated practices of sound and actions -- chanting and harmony, swaying and dance. Sufi followers joined in closed brotherhoods or tariqahs, each following a captivating leader (shaykh). They offered an Islam that fused South Asian customs and worship styles, including Christian saints and Hindu gods. Sufism highlights the importance of â€Å"Real†, as distinctive from a faint acceptance of what is considered to be real in everyday existence, by authentic comprehension of the self and the 'veils' which separate it from any understanding of the truth. (ELWELL-SUTTON). This also implies a quest for real existence. It also emphasized empathy from one soul to another, in spite of all other differences. The Sufi trend drew attraction throughout South Asia (as well a s Eurasia and Eastern Europe) can be recapitulated in Rafiq Zakaria?s book as: â€Å"Though unconcerned with affairs of state, the sufis had a profound influence on the Muslim polity. They humanized its rigours and reduced the area of conflict between religion and politics. They gave Islam a broader base. Non-Muslims flocked to sufi hospices in large numbers and in due course hundreds of thousands came into the fold of Islam. . . .† (Zakaria) Sufism: Spirituality or Libertarianism? Despite the fact that Sufism has been majorly identified as the spiritual and mystic extension of Islam, parts of literary research argues about the existence of Sufism as a political entity. For example, the way Sufis' tombs surfaced and grew as places of pilgrimage indicate that the ‘missionary’ agenda of the Islamic mystics was devised primarily for conversion and the establishment of Perso-Arabian cultural control in South Asia (R.Upadhyay). Despite of the cultural relevance of Suf ism, over the period of time, differences have also arisen from divergence of interests among Muslims over what should be the right standard for cultural and political life. As Sufism endorsed various forms of cultural articulation, it did not extend unilaterally as a response to orthodoxy and legalistic rigorism but from time to time it harmonized and engaged in these developments. In the same way, hostility between shari‘a (law) and tariqa (Sufi path) in Islam is an open topic of debate, although Sufi researchers emphasize that

Primary Critical Anaylysis of Edward Albee's The Zoo Essay

Primary Critical Anaylysis of Edward Albee's The Zoo - Essay Example In the play "The Zoo Story" by Edward Albee in 1958 first performed in Berlin at the Schiller Theater Werkstatt, 1959. The "zoo" imagery runs throughout the play and the actual crisis emerges from the sentence that Jerry enters saying "I've been to the zoo". Jerry reflects a "great weariness" and questions the verisimilitude of "social prosperity" and "happiness" that the optimism that seem to surround the American Dream. The isolation and the confinement of his free life becomes the curse of the modern society. He is free to remain condemned, and hardly can share a relationship with even an animal. The one-act drama revolves around the concept of the 'zoo' that belies the 'Disneyland' of American promise of superabundance and civility. My present concern in this paper is to analyze the questions that Jerry raises and how he escapes through his death. On a fine Sunday afternoon Peter sits on a park bench reading a book, just when Jerry enters looking a bit tattered and ragged. He starts a conversation with Peter which takes a violent turn after Jerry goes into a detailed analysis of his life at his apartment, and his relationship with a dog the story that he names "THE STORY OF JERRY AND THE DOG!". The dialogues about his personal life and that of the present turn seamy which ultimately takes a dangerous note when he starts telling Peter what exactly he saw in the zoo. Peters request to leave becomes ridiculous when Jerry starts to tickle him without reason, almost bordering on absurdity. While continuing with his zoo story Jerry challenges Peter repeatedly to leave the bench and hits him on his hand. Angry at the illogicality of Jerry's response he starts a fight and ultimately falls into Jerry trap when he picks up his knife and Jerry lunges on him killing himself. Jerry dies with a fitting parody of a prayer. The speech of Jerry borders on madness and implicitly becomes a subversive force to unsettle the middle-class morals that seem to be the binding force of the American bourgeoisie. Jerry questions traditional concept of roles as he confuses "wife" with "parakeets", "cats" and often compares Peter's household with a zoo that makes a mockery of marriage and human relationships. Most importantly it becomes a satire against the concept of the "family" as portrayed by the popular American image, like the "The Brady Bunch", a sitcom aired between 1969 and 1974. Clearly Jerry and peter represent two different worlds.1The typical archetype of "good old mom" and "good old pop" are just ideals that the society forces on us and thus Jerry says that the empty picture frames that should have framed another picture perfect moment is just a sham and his family history is just another terrible "middle-European joke". Again he scandalizes middle-class morality by professing that he was "once" a homose xual and graphically gives a detailed encounter of his landlady and the "pretty little ladies" who are just an embodiment of carnal "desires". This is a mockery of the prudery as he says "People looked up. It always happens when I try to simplify things; people look up" Jerry is not stupid, infact he is quite learned since he tragically says that he is "howling because [he] is alive". Characters like the hellish dog, the "colored queen",

Do managers take decisions for the good of the organisation or do they Essay

Do managers take decisions for the good of the organisation or do they behave the way they do for other reasons - Essay Example In the process of evolution, it is highly likely that the business developed from a one man enterprise or family business to a partnership, then to a public limited or private limited company. Ultimately it branched out from a local to regional and regional to international undertaking. It is highly probable, even inevitable, that the evolution and change in outside form also bring about changes in the internal handling of business decisions and operational practices. This becomes necessary as the tasks of managing the different aspects of the business become too complex and heavy for one man or a number of partners to manage alone. Ultimately as the business expands, it has to reinvent itself as a model of modern business enterprise. This will invariably involve the assignment or scheduling of tasks to professionally hired managers, with expertise in production techniques, Human Resources, marketing and sales, finance and accounting etc. Each departmental head becomes a prized resou rce, responsible for meeting his departments and workers goals and assignments. Authority and responsibility become interlinked, but seldom has it been seen that the upper management is taken to task for targets not achieved or a failed project. Rather, more often than not it is the middle and lower management and supervisors/ workers that are made to bear the brunt of the axe and the shame associated with it. This state of affairs often makes one stop and think- do managers take decisions for the good of the organization or do they behave the way they do for other reasons? This paper will argue that the interests of the organization are not always uppermost in the minds of the managers, rather, as they gain and wield power- managers tend to collude with each other for their own collective benefit, while in many cases insisting that failure was because of the ineptitude of people on the lower rungs of the ladder. I would rather state that managers keep their own interests uppermost in their mind at every turn. They are interested in their own survival, going as close to the top as they can, and toppling others who they consider as competition. The lower management or their subordinates are just pawns in the game (Rosen, 1988). The Evolution of the Modern Business Enterprise If we look at the evolution of a modern business, we see that it is quite likely to have its beginnings as a sole proprietorship or family business, in which every family member has a share of responsibilities. Or it could have started as a partnership, where two or more partners pooled together their skills, resources and business acumen to offer products and services to the general populace or those that needed their wares. The disadvantage here was that of unlimited liability, or cases where even their personal property could be attached to repay debts if the business failed. In time this led to the evolution of the corporate form of business ownership. As the Industrial Revolution swept through Europe and the Americas, investment was needed from both public and private sources to raise capital for infrastructure and the laying of railroads, transport and communication, factories and warehouses. The beginning of assembly line production at the Ford Motor Company meant that things could now be mass produced after breaking down the process into a series of steps. Then F.W.

Incident Response Policy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Incident Response Policy - Coursework Example The InfoSec’s policy is created to provide security within the computerized devices in a company. Among these companies services is the provision of the Bluetooth operating system covers all Bluetooth enabled devices within the company. The policy prevents imitation through setting up any Bluetooth device on any company equipment that does not fit their specific model without the permission of the company’s InfoSec Manager. The system is secured by passwords to any connectivity. Operators are expected to enter a certain security password that is kept a secret to the company staff members. The system secures the company’s internet use and ensures that not anybody can be connected to the company internet without the permission from the associated staff (Hassell, 2005). Internet supply is supplied within a limited area and is mostly concentrated within the perimeter of the company. It is installed to computers, laptops, and other wifi enabled mobile phones devises. When pairing the Bluetooth internet connections to the Bluetooth enabled device, the user is expected to insert the required pin or password to ensure connections. In case the device denies connection after feeding it with the correct pin/password, operators are expected to report to the InfoSec through the company help desk. For the accountability and performance determination, the InfoSec performs audits to ensure that members comply with the policy. The Bluetooth users must only access the company internet after an approval of their Bluetooth device hardware and software connections. Any member of staff found to violate the policy is subject to a disciplinary action and may lead to termination of employment (Administrators guide to Windows server 2003,

Apple company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Apple company - Essay Example The following are financial ratios for APPLE INCLUSIVE for the year ending 2012, 2013, and 2014. Horizontal analysis compares how a company runs its operation across different segments in different years, and emphasizes on cash allocation and generation (Bull, 2008). While vertical analysis compares the amount allocated to an item against the total that was available in a given year. The current assets for APPLE INCLUSIVE rose by 27.1%; in 2013 and dropped to 18.8% in 2014. It was a result of decrease of short-term investments by 38.8%. Total liabilities increased by 44.2% in 2013 and rose by 107.9% in 2014. It was as a result of the abrupt increased current liabilities by 64.6%. The total stockholder’s equity rose by 5% in 2013 and decreased by 6% in 2014. The revenue for the year ending 2014 increased by 17% but the cost of production too increased by 27% making the net income to decrease by 6%. The value of current assets rose by 35% in 2013 and dropped to 32% in 2014. The value of long term investments decreased from 56% in 2012 to 52% in 2014. Current liabilities moved increased by 7%; this is because of increased account payable by 49%. Gross profit for APPLE INCLUSIVE decreased from 43.8% in 2012 to 38.5% in 2014. The reason to this can be blamed on the increased cost of goods from 56.1% in 2012 to 61.4% in 2014. The net income was impacted by the above increased in cost of production, resulting in a decrease by 5.1%. Profitability ratios are a reflection of how a company is efficient in generating income. These ratios are â€Å"seductive† to investors; an investor would like to know how profitable is the corporation before they decide to invest. Everyone expects to value for their money. From the above ratios, it might look contradicting how the two ratios give a different interpretation of the financial performance of APPLE INCLUSIVE. Profit margin shows the net

Incident Response Policy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Incident Response Policy - Coursework Example The InfoSec’s policy is created to provide security within the computerized devices in a company. Among these companies services is the provision of the Bluetooth operating system covers all Bluetooth enabled devices within the company. The policy prevents imitation through setting up any Bluetooth device on any company equipment that does not fit their specific model without the permission of the company’s InfoSec Manager. The system is secured by passwords to any connectivity. Operators are expected to enter a certain security password that is kept a secret to the company staff members. The system secures the company’s internet use and ensures that not anybody can be connected to the company internet without the permission from the associated staff (Hassell, 2005). Internet supply is supplied within a limited area and is mostly concentrated within the perimeter of the company. It is installed to computers, laptops, and other wifi enabled mobile phones devises. When pairing the Bluetooth internet connections to the Bluetooth enabled device, the user is expected to insert the required pin or password to ensure connections. In case the device denies connection after feeding it with the correct pin/password, operators are expected to report to the InfoSec through the company help desk. For the accountability and performance determination, the InfoSec performs audits to ensure that members comply with the policy. The Bluetooth users must only access the company internet after an approval of their Bluetooth device hardware and software connections. Any member of staff found to violate the policy is subject to a disciplinary action and may lead to termination of employment (Administrators guide to Windows server 2003,

Product Differentiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Product Differentiation - Essay Example In addition, the company sells original stereographs (Noel, and Glazer, 35). This new and interesting technology will open up a world of opportunity for Miss Woolpert and aid in expanding her business. Information will reach potential customers through testimonials of those who see the display in the public museum and will later be able to come full circle and grow TwinScope. TwinScope has quite a few targets that it hopes to attain. First, there are couples of thousands of members from various clubs. These may be the collectors of such products. Along those same lines, TwinScope hopes to target at least big institutions 37 such as museums, which will aid in increasing awareness of the stereographs. While these organizations occupy an estimate of close to 55% of the market share, Twin Scope will most likely be focusing on the niche market of stereograph club members (Sally, 118). Large-scale production of the stereograph needs various costs such as the fixed costs and variable costs. With the intended TwinScope plan of economy of scale the organization will need to have an estimated expenditure cost of $56,000 for raw materials and equipment. The large-scale production will reduce the cost of one unit by at least 10% (Donald, 39). The high degree of brand loyalty for stereoscope firms will require TwinScope to spend money on advertising the new ideology of a ‘hanging art piece’ to develop its own brand loyalty. Breaking through the barrier into museums also proves to be a very difficult task.

Kite Runner Essay Essay Example for Free

Kite Runner Essay Essay Do you know that Afghanis play a game where they fight with kites? The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini describes kite fights between local Afghani kids, regardless of their social status. The main characters in this story that come from a higher socioeconomic level are Baba, a lawyer from the Pashtun tribe, and his son Amir. The main characters in this story that come from the lower socioeconomic level are Ali, a servant from the Hazara tribe, and his son Hassan who are servants to Baba and his family. The Kite Runner explores how different classes of people worked together to run things in Afghanistan. In the Kite Runner discrimination in Afghanistan is demonstrated by the relationship between the Pashutns and Hazaras. The Hazaras were often demeaned and persecuted (www. Sparknotes. com). Baba, however, taught his family to be kind to the Hazaras. Baba learned this from his father, who was a highly regarded judge in Kabul (Hosseini 24). The story describes a day when the grandfather sentenced two young Pashtun men into the military for killing almost an entire Hazaran family. The grandfather was very dismayed that the five year old boy who survived the incident would be left an orphan. Amir remembered â€Å"As for the orphan, my grandfather adopted him into his own household, and told the other servants to tutor him, but to be kind to him† (Hosseini 24-25). The young survivor was named Ali. Quite a few years later, Baba took in Ali’s son Hassan to be a servant for his son Amir. While Baba’s house was a fair and kind place to live there was still a social barrier (www. Sparknotes. com). For example even though Baba called Ali his â€Å"family†, Ali still lived in a hut and slept on the floor (www. shmoop. com). Although Hassan was believed to be Ali’s son he was actually Baba’s out of wedlock son (Hosseini 224-225). Baba and Ali never told Amir or Hassan that they were brothers because it was shameful that Baba had a relationship with Hassan’s mother, who was in a lower socioeconomic level. Baba would never be respected again if that ever got out. Later on in Hassan’s life, he had difficulty with becoming anything but a servant. Hassan had a very strong identity as a servant, and because of this he had no sense of entitlement when he grew up. Hassan took care of Baba’s house, even after Baba left (Hosseini 218). In a scene in the book Hassan tries to protect Baba’s old house from Taliban invasion, and gets killed (Hosseini 219). Through his dying day Hassan never felt a sense of entitlement and continued to serve Baba as his owner rather than as his father. At the time of Hassan’s death he was no longer Baba’s servant. The Taliban, warriors taking over tribesman under the guise of uniting their country, made Afghanistan a very dangerous place. The Taliban were very discriminating and typically tortured, beat, and executed people of a lower socioeconomic level. During childhood, Assef bullied Hassan and Amir. Assef came from a higher socioeconomic class than Hassan. Assef is now presented in the book as a Taliban militant. The Taliban banned music in Afghanistan (Hosseini 280). Hassan’s son, Sohrab, was forced to dance to music by Assef. The Taliban continued to flex its muscles to get other people to conform to their rules. Amir thought â€Å"I guessed music wasn’t sinful as long as it played to Taliban ears’† (Hosseini 280). Amir was very critical about the Taliban and stupidly admitted to Assef â€Å"I had read about the Hazara massacre in Mazar-i-Sharif in the papers† (Hosseini 277). Amir’s point was that the Taliban killed the Hazaras anywhere they could find them even though they didn’t do anything wrong. Clearly the Taliban did not value the lives of the Hazaras (www. Sparknotes. com). Assef was one of the cruelest of all the Taliban. He told Amir this â€Å"Afghanistan is like a beautiful mansion littered with garbage, and someone has to take out the garbage (Hosseini 284). Taliban influence in Afghanistan heightened discrimination and did not unite the country. The Kite Runner clearly demonstrated how different classes of people who are able to live peacefully together although keeping within the bound of their social class. The Taliban did not tolerate people from the lower socioeconomic classes and without conscious killed and destroyed their lives. Hassan and Amir, technically brother, grew up together but were never treated as equals (Hosseini 25). However they were able to coexist without hating each other (Hosseini 25). Amir never truly considered himself as a friend to Hassan (Hosseini 25). Hassan always considered himself a servant to Baba even at his death, in chapter 16. In my opinion the Afghan culture before the Taliban was one of working together and living peacefully but after the Taliban invaded the culture changed by forcing discrimination among the socioeconomic classes. Works Cited Hosseini, Khaled. The Kite Runner. New York: Riverhead, 2003. Print. The Kite Runner Chapter 4 Summary. Shmoop. N. p. , n. d. Web. 10 Oct. 2012. http://www. shmoop. com/kite-runner/chapter-4-summary. html. The Kite Runner. SparkNotes. SparkNotes, n. d. Web. 10 Oct. 2012. http://www. sparknotes. com/lit/the-kite-runner/section1. rhtml.

An Evaluation Of Xmax

An Evaluation Of Xmax Introducing the basics of xMax, this paper explains the working of xMax .It also deals with the application of xMax in different fields of wireless technology. It also discusses about the advantages of xMax over other wireless technologies like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. xMax developed by xG Technology, Inc. is a proposed radio frequency (RF) modulation and encoding technology that will use individual or integer sinusoidal waves to convey information. While supposedly applicable to wired mediums such as copper and coaxial lines, the technology will apparently be introduced first as a wireless communications technology, whereby its developers claim that it is capable of extending the range and reducing the transmit power compared to conventional approaches, including cellular technologies and fixed wireless approaches such as WiMAX. Every aspect of the technology is designed for the highest possible efficiency and quality of service. Why xMax? xMax is designed to prioritize voice by delivering dedicated timeslots and bandwidth to every user. This approach guarantees a minimal and fixed latency for every call, which is an essential factor for any high Quality of Service (QoS) mobile VoIP system. This is in contrast to technologies like Wi-Fi and WiMAX, both of which are contention-based best effort delivery systems that are limited by scalability constraints. Working of xMax: xMax uses a transmitter similar to those used in cordless phone base stations and which operate in an unlicensed and very crowded frequency spectrum in the 900MHz band and is capable of sending a 3.7Mbit/s data signal to a radius of 18 miles, while utilizing only an omnidirectional antenna powered by a 50mW transmitter! xMax goes beyond what were considered physical limits of existing Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, Wi-Bro and radio technology, it leaves 3- and 4G in the dust, and may further prove to be also much less costly to deploy. According to the written specs distributed to the press at the demonstration xG Technology is capable of realizing performance improvements over similar transmission technologies by literally orders of magnitude 10x, 20x, 30x, 100x. xMax uses a narrow channel allocation of dedicated spectrum to coordinate reception of its non-interfering, xG Flash Signal. By using xG Flash Signaling to convey wideband data below the noise floor, xMax allows for efficient spectrum reuse by numerous users in a manner that solves the spectrum crunch. Because xG Flash Signaling accomplishes this with far less out of band energy than traditional modulation systems such as CDMA and GSM, xMax helps to clean-up the spectrum for more efficient use than is currently realized. xMax is essentially a new way of modulating data which allows enormous improvements in data rates capacity both across wireless and landline communication infrastructures. xMax does not utilize compression techniques to achieve its extraordinary results as it employs two very popular communication approaches to make an extremely more efficient use of the radio spectrum available. xMax uses a modulation technique designed to allow more data to be transmitted on a single sine wave than is required with typical modulation technologies. So instead of using more than 100,000 sine waves to transmit one bit of data, xMax uses a ratio closer to 1:1. This technique would therefore be more efficient and keep energy levels very low, which would mean devices that receive the signals wouldnt consume much power. What xMax in fact does is to intelligently blend the unique characteristics of narrow-band carrier systems with those of the non-interfering components utilized in low-power wide-band transmission systems. The end result is an exponential increase in data-rate capacity and a very significant decrease in power transmission requirements. Because of all this you can imagine how vast could be the implications of the arrival of such a disruptive transmission and data distribution technology, which would not only put rapidly out of market existing ADSL and cable operations, but it would also create immediate opportunities for broadband-based content and services to be widely distributed for a fraction of the money that it would cost today xMax would in fact enable wide and easy adoption of high-bandwidth services such as video-based real-time collaboration, high definition television (HDTV), video-on-demand, IPTV, to name some of the most popular ones. Due to its technological characteristics xMax technology can be interleaved within existing cable RF channels and can operate over existing network physical infrastructure which would clearly allow existing operators to start offering new xMax-based services without ever needing to interrupt existing services. Because of this xMax appears a strategic alternative to seriously followed by telecom that still heavily rely on landline infrastructures. In terms of specifics facts, xMax is reported to be so reliable and with such a higher level of quality that signal capacity improvements could allow cable operators to deliver over one thousand channels of broadband-like services.In the DSL universe xMax is supposed to deliver much higher data-rates while increasing the effective reach to about 21 Km from the central transmission base. Rather than an FM radio station broadcasting only radio programs or cable providers only broadcasting television, xMax would take advantage of the unused portion of the signal to also transmit data. This recycling or repurposing of spectrum is key to the new technology, according to its inventor, Joseph Bobier. xMaxs unique signal profile is a perfect fit for low frequency channels that have previously been unsuitable for wireless broadband, said Bobier. Because the sub-gigahertz spectrum has been chopped into multiple narrowband segments, it largely has been ignored by most wireless companies seeking roomier space for broadband transmissions. xMax separates the data and a signal synchronizing receiver and sender into two narrowband channels. Due to the low power level needed, the signals do not interfere with other spectrum users, says Whitely. In order to pick up the very weak signal, a filter must be added to an off-the-shelf antenna, allowing the broadband data to be heard. xG xMax digital and RF boards xMax products : xMax user devices include mobile phones and, in the future, modems and other communications products. The xMax TX60 Handset is xGs first mass-production mobile phone. It is a versatile, full-featured handset that has been designed to provide exceptional QoS (quality of service), with both domestic and international service options. The handset product family supports calls and data over the xMax network, as well as over the public internet using standard home, office, and hotspot WiFi connections. The TX60 supports the proprietary, high-performance xMax air-interface. This feature-rich, IP-based handset has been designed to be future-proof , with new capabilities made available through software upgrades. This includes the ability to upgrade the xMax radio to 3G based on its Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology. Engineering design for xMax handsets has been provided by Cambridge Consultants UK, Ltd., one of the foremost wireless innovators in the world. Advantages of xMax: xMax technology offers advantages for numerous types of prospective domestic and international carriers. These organizations include incumbent local exchange carriers (ILEC), competitive local exchange carriers (CLEC), original equipment manufacturers (OEM), mobile operators, cable companies and other content providers, and infrastructure mobile virtual network enablers (MVNE). xMax, is a 900MHz wireless technology and uses less than 1 Watt of power. What makes xMax unique is its sharing of crowded radio spectrum, such as the frequencies used by cable television or Wi-Fi. The consumption of power in xMax is less when compared to other wireless technology devices. xMax offers consumers the prospect of lower phone bills because: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ xMax transmits over unlicensed spectrum-the same as baby monitors and cordless phones. Major national cellular carriers paid billions of dollars for licensed spectrum that they recoup from customers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ xMax was built as a totally Internet-based digital system from top to bottom-an extremely cost efficient communication approach. Roger Branton, COO for xG Technology said that xMax is essentially a new long-distance UWB (ultra-wideband)-like wireless technology, and was quick to make the distinction between xGs xMax and UWB technology. He says, xMax is not UWB. The first xMax products slated for release later this year will utilize the ISM 900MHz unlicensed band, which is only 26MHz wide. UWB utilizes something like 500MHz in the high gigahertz frequencies. xG claims that xMax supports more efficient communication over wireless or wired links than other technologies. About this efficiency, Bobier said that, We believe efficiency boils down to how many bits you can move over a given amount of spectrum per watt. If you can move more bits of information with less power, you pollute the spectrum less, thereby making it possible for more users to access the spectrum. xMax operates at low, sub-gigahertz frequencies and can be used for communication without the common line-of-sight issues that happen at higher frequencies. Bobier says if you can use these frequencies and still be broadband, you compare with fixed wireless technologies doing things in the microwave area. WiMax, which has been described as Wi-Fi on steroids, has a range of up to 30 miles and can deliver broadband at a theoretical maximum of 75mbps. But today, power consumption is so high on WiMax receivers that they cannot be used in consumer products such as laptops, let alone on handheld devices such as cell phones. Uses of xMax in future technologies: According to Whitely, the technology will benefit rural ISPs due to the lower number of base stations required. xMax, because it has 20 times the range of Bluetooth, could challenge that technology Other possibilities are enterprise WLANs and metropolitan networks. Use of xMax to reduce the power consumptions in wireless technologies to a greater extent. Some current performance claims Antenna: One omnidirectional transmitter located on TV broadcast tower at a height of 850 feet. Range: 20 miles, covering the cities of Miami and Fort Lauderdale, including inside buildings. Data rate: At least 10 Mbit/s throughout the coverage area. Spectrum used: A 6 kHz carrier on dedicated spectrum and 10 MHz of information-bearing spread spectrum in the unlicensed 900 MHz band. Interference: None, despite the presence of a TV transmitter on the same tower. Power: A maximum of 50 W for the carrier and less than 0.15 W for the information-bearing channels Conclusion: Thus, xMax is emerging wireless technology which has many applications at present and possible more applications in future saving a lot of power in day to day activities Thus , xMax is emerging wireless tech

Uganda Essay -- Uganda History, British Colony

Uganda 1. Historical background The country known as Uganda was once a British colony just like the majority of its neighbors in East Africa. It was initially intruded into by the Arab traders led by Speke and the British explorers led by Stanley in 1862 and 1875 respectively. They both paid homage to Mutesa who was the King (kabaka) of the Buganda. Uganda remained predominantly under the colony of the British until 1962 when they were granted internal self government by Britain (History World, 2011). Uganda is a country that covers 7,108 sq mi in area and a host of 33.3 million people found in East Africa. It is bordered by Congo on the West, Kenya on the East, Tanzania and Rwanda on the south and Sudan on the North. It enjoys the equator since it crosses through it and has three major weather areas; the fertile plateau, swampy lowlands and the desert regions. The famous Lake Victoria is found to the southern part of Uganda (The World Factbook, 2011). The topography of the population is such that the life expectancy is 52.9, the growth rate is pegged at 3.5%, the birth rate is 47.5/1000, the infant m ortality rate is 63.7/1000 and the density per sq mi is 392 people (Pearson Education, 2011). According to Encyclopedia of the Nations (2011), the economy of the nations is dependent on agriculture with 80% of the population relying on agriculture for employment and in turn produces 90% o f the export of the country. Uganda also has some deposits of copper, cobalt and the recently discovered oil, however, Uganda just like most of the African countries remain to be among the world’s poorest nations. Health background The Ugandan population is majorly consisting of poor people who live on a dollar or less per... ...es. Some of these are the ritual celebrations and festivals like in marriage rituals, weddings, christenings, birth rituals, death ceremonies and even commitments to the spirits and forefathers. There also rituals and celebrations that accompanied the harvests and even the droughts in order to appease the gods for rain. There are also other official dates that are observed in the calendar that are drawn from the Muslims and the Christians as well and more significantly those meant to celebrate the history of Uganda like the Martyrs’ Day on June 3rd, Heroes Day on June 9th and Independence Day on October 9th among others. Generally, the Ugandans are friendly and welcoming like the other East African countries where all one needs to know to get help is the word ‘Jambo’, in short, it doesn’t take too much energy to get help in the daily social life in Uganda.

Hrm Hotel

As described by Schuler, Randall S ; Personnel and Human Resource Management, Third Etalon 1 987, recruitment Is referring to the set of activates and recess used to legally obtain a sufficient number of qualified people at the right time and place so that people and organization can select each other in their own best short and long term interests. By implementing the recruitment process, its provide organization with the qualified group of potential candidates to fill up the vacancies.However, the recruitment process must be done properly to ensure unwanted higher turnover result, wasted recruiting and training costs can be controlled at lowest level and minimized. As for Hilton case, the higher turnover rates record over the past years has rigged the HER department to begin to ponder, what went wrong with their excellent recruitment process. Another question was why their staffs disciplines such as absenteeism, conflict, and stress amongst staff are turning up gradually?Were these problems/ deficiencies happened because of poor HER recruitment planning? Trying to relate the above problems with the current recruitment process implemented by Hilton, I shall go further by analyzing the data provided as shown in Fig 1 . However, evaluations are made only to those critical recruitment sources which I believe necessary action to be taken immediately to fill the vacant and improve the current executives' workload.Therefore sustainability is a factor which Hilton should include in deciding which method of recruitment they should practice. Details of the analysis taken from the yield ratio table as follow: I Recruitment Source II year Survival I 175% Sustainability by Recruitment Source from 1996 – 1999 Quality – Recruitment is about identifying and selection process of potential candidates for the human resource requirement of the organization therefore it is also important to identify which recruitment method can pool the best quality candidate.

Analysis of the “Gladiator” trailer

Trailers are a very important part of the advertisement and promotion of a feature film. Trailers usually consist of a collection of carefully chosen clips from the film that give the audience a vague idea of what the film is about and hopefully persuade the audience to go and see it. Trailers usually contain certain information about the film and the plot. One of the main points that you would expect the trailer to show the audience is the genre of the film. The genre of a film is the category that it fits into or the type of film that it is. The trailer usually makes the audience aware of the genre by the settings of the film or costumes, actors and the music used in the film. By showing the genre of the film, the trailer often also makes the audience aware of the target audience or group of people that the film is aimed at. Trailers often focus on the films main selling points and things that are unique about the film (USPs). This could be many different things. It is often the director, actors in the film or a particular aspect of the plot that makes the film unique and catches the audience's attention. Overall, a trailer is a small part of a larger promotion campaign to persuade the audience to go and see a particular film. The trailer does this using the best moments from the film, paying special attention to the main characters, and arranging them in a way that makes them attractive to the audience. Although the main aim of the trailer is to tell the audience about the film and to persuade them to see it, there are a few other important pieces of information that it will show the audience. It will normally show a date of release. This is important so that the audience know when they can come and see the film. The trailer may also show the audience an age rating for the film. This is very important because adds to the audience's knowledge of the target audience and explains who the film is suitable for. All of the aspects that I have mentioned are important in adding to the overall effect of the trailer and fulfilling its aim of promoting the film. In this essay, I will be analysing the trailer for the blockbuster film â€Å"Gladiator† in great detail and discussing the effects that this trailer has on its audience. It is made clear by the trailer that this film is an epic, historical, action film. There are a number of things in the trailer that show us the genres of the film. In the trailer, all of the characters are wearing armour or other historical costume. This makes it very clear that the film is set a long time ago therefore showing the audience that it is a historical film. The camera shots showing the colliseum also make this part of the genre known. Throughout the trailer, a number of fight and battle scenes are shown. This along with the fast pace of the trailer, shows the audience that the film involves quite a lot of action. Last of all, the strong music and overall impression of the trailer makes it clear that the film is also epic. From the genre of the film, it is often possible to work out the target audience. I think that this trailer shows the target audience if this film to be men and older boys. I think that this is mainly because of the large amount of action in the film. The â€Å"Gladiator† trailer begins by showing the companies who made the film. The Universal logo is the first image to appear on the screen. This shows the audience that the film has been made by a well known company and this may start persuading the audience to come and see the film. After the Universal logo followed the Dreamworks logo. This will show the audience that the film contains special effects of a good standard because Dreamworks are well known for this. This again will persuade the audience and will make them aware of who the target audience might be. Both of these well known companies could act as USPs for the film and make the audience want to see the film. As these logos are being shown, a strong drumbeat is being played. It is military style drumming. This gives the audience, immediately, before the actual trailer has started, an idea of what type of film it could be or what the genre is. The opening sequence of the trailer contains a number of clues as to what the film may be like and who it is aimed at and has already begun to persuade the audience without any clips from the film being shown. The first thing to appear on the screen as the actual trailer begins is text. The words â€Å"The general† appear in bold. They are white on black background and they stand out to the audience. The words introduce the main character and also give a bit more of an idea about the genre. The words give a visual voice-over for what is about to happen in the trailer. The visual voice-over replaces a traditional voice-over in the trailer and is used to explain what is going on in the trailer. This has an impact on the audience in a number of ways. One of the ways that it does this is that without an ordinary voice-over, the music can be heard better and is therefore more dramatic and has more of an affect on the audience. The visual voice-over also makes the audience focus on the screen and therefore they are more likely to notice the clips that are so important in persuading them to go and see the film. This again adds to the trailers overall effectiveness. Straight after the words, an image, of who we presume to be the general, appears on the screen. He is standing in front of lines of soldiers. He has a very determined expression on his face and he is walking strongly. The camera shot is at eye level. This allows the audience to relate to the character more as if they are there with him. The slow motion in this clip emphasizes the determination and strength in his walk. This makes him come across, to the audience, as a brave, strong-willed man. All of the soldiers are dressed in armour and the man, who we presume to be the general, is also dressed in historical costume. This therefore confirms the audience's thoughts about the genre of the film and also gives the audience a very vague idea of what the plot may be like. The fact that the shot focuses so much on this man makes it clear to the audience that this is the main character and that he is important in the plot of the film. As the clip freezes and disappears, the words â€Å"who became a slave† appear on the screen, again bold and standing out to the audience. The words not only describe the plot but also get the audience thinking about how these things could come about. Especially with this particular phrase as it could puzzle the audience as to why this has happened and how it is possible to go from the status of a general to a slave. This could make the audience more interested in the film because it shows that the film has an unusual plot. This could be a unique selling point for the film. As the text on the screen disappears, another clip from the film is shown. This time it shows a long row of slaves standing still. This shot is a long shot which pans down the line to show the audience all of the slaves. This might shock the audience slightly because it is such a contrast to the last clip. In the line of slaves, there is one who is standing tall and determined and his stature tells the audience that he is the general who we saw before. This tells the audience that he is the main character in the film and that he is the person that we should focus on throughout the film. The image uses certain colours, oranges, browns and yellows, to add to the audiences understanding of the genre and to make sure that they know that the film is set in ancient times. The main point of this clip is to show the audience who the main character is and why he is different to all of the other slaves- his strength and determination. After this shot, the visual voice-over continues with the words â€Å"the slave†. This shows the audience that the trailer is going to talk them through the plot of the film, step by step. The audience will like this because they like to know what to expect although the visual voice-over will just give them the basic plot and leave the audience wanting to know more. As the visual voice-over disappears once again, another clip is shown. This time it shows the same man, with his back to the audience, walking into the colliseum, his head held high and proud. We can't see his face but we presume that he is the same man as before. There are cheers in the background. The way that he is walking proudly shows the audience that he is not going to be a slave for much longer and that he is going to be the hero of the film. The cheers in the background show the audience that the man is popular. It also shows the audience what he may become in the future- a gladiator. Finally, the colliseum in the background again shows us that the film is historical and also possible epic. The visual voice-over continues to talk the audience through the story with â€Å"who became a gladiator† as the image changes. We now see a gladiator who we presume to be the man talked about by the visual voice-over, leading others into the centre of the arena. He is dressed fully in armour making him unrecognisable to the audience. The camera pans, following him as he walks along. The camera tilts to a low angle making the gladiator appear powerful and dominant. The crowd can be seen in the background, a mid-shot, and along with the cheering, this builds up atmosphere and makes the audience feel part of the scene or the crowd. This clip begins to introduce the theme of action to the trailer letting the audience know the next part of the genre. A long, deep drum beat is played as the scene freezes and more text appears on the screen. The next section of the visual voice-over to appear on the screen is â€Å"the gladiator†. This text clarifies the previous clip for the audience making sure that they understand the plot so far. Next, as the military style drumming continues, we are shown an eye-level close up of the gladiator. The dark colours with red, sandy tones reinforce the genre, as do the costume. The warm colours also make the character appear unthreatening to the audience and make it clear that he is the hero or â€Å"goody† in the film. The fact that the camera shot is at eye-level means that the audience feel, in each shot that they are getting to know the character more. The fact that the shot is quite similar to the first camera shot in the trailer means that the audience instantly recognise the character. The determined expression also makes it clear that he is a hero figure in the film. Overall, the clip continues to introduce the main character paying more attention now to his personality rather than his role in the film. The image links the visual voice-over to the character making it perfectly clear who it is talking about. Again, the image freezes and the visual voice-over once again appears on the screen. This time it states â€Å"who defied an empire†. It is continuing to take the audience through the plot of the film, step by step. In the image that is shown after the text, the trailer introduces the audience to a new, different character. The image shows a tall, obviously powerful man. He is standing on a balcony, waving to a huge cheering crowd below. This image relies on the audience's knowledge of stereotypes and expectations to show them that this is a powerful person, the emperor. The cheers in the background along with the giant crowd, from which the noise is coming, show the audience that this man is well-known and highly respected. This again adds to their knowledge of the character's role in the film. After this clip, a number of action shots are cut together quickly. The speed of the trailer creates excitement in the audience and also adds to the audience's knowledge of the action genre within the film. The clips that are shown in this fast paced section also show the action aspect of the film. There are a number of clips showing different fight scenes in the colliseum. This adds greatly to the audience's knowledge of both the historical and action aspects of the film. The next clip that is shown in this section is a close-up view of a golden mask. This instantly attracts the audience's attention because they begin to ask questions about who is behind the mask but the clip changes before they have a chance to find out. The shot switches to a bold, bright action shot which shows a gladiator, presumably the one who has been shown throughout the trailer, on his chariot, flying through a sea of flames. This catches the audience's attention because of the bright colours which suddenly appear, very different from the earthy colours used throughout the trailer so far. Again there is also mystery that makes the audience interested because, again, they can't be sure who they are seeing in this clip and they may then want to see the film in order to find out. The shot of the storming chariot is also shown in slow motion so this makes the shot even more effective as it builds up suspense and tension as the audience wonder what will happen next. Again, the clip pauses and we are once again shown the colliseum. It is a low angle camera shot. This makes the colliseum appear very large and dominant over the screen. This shot shows the audience how important this building will be in the film and also how much the historical genre will affect the film. The trailer now cuts again to the character that we were introduced to not long ago, the powerful man. As we see him, he is screaming at a woman, his face angry and his voice loud. The dialogue shocks the audience because it is so sudden and unexpected. The man is screaming at a young woman who seems so powerless compared to him. He is screaming â€Å"am I not merciful? â€Å". This instantly portrays this man, the emperor, as a villain. It makes the audience dislike him. It does this partly by sympathy. The audience may feel sorry for the young woman as he screams and may feel that by upsetting her, he is a bad person. The trailer also portrays him as a villain using out stereotypical view of people as well as our expectations. The audience will most likely be expecting there to be both a â€Å"goody† and a â€Å"baddy† in the film as this is normally the case. The audience will also, most likely, have a stereotypical view that the villain or â€Å"baddy† in the film will be aggressive and most likely a powerful figure. This shot uses both speech and the audience's expectations and stereotypical views to portray the emperor as a villain. Next we are shown another clip of the emperor telling the audience even more about his character and personality in the film. He is shown in a mid-shot looking down at the camera. He has a stern, evil expression on his face which confirms that he is the same man who was shown in the previous clip. The way that he is looking down at the camera or the audience shows that he is powerful and that he knows this. The expression as he stares down at the audience makes him appear dangerous and again adds to our feelings about him as a villain. Overall, this low angle shot makes the emperor seem dominant and in control of us and the fact that he seems to be making eye-contact with the audience adds to this making us feel slightly threatened by him. The visual voice over is now re-introduced to the trailer with â€Å"This summer a hero will rise†. This caption of text plays along to the audience's expectations that there will be both a villain and hero in the film. It also gives the audience an idea of when the film is released and has also incorporated this into the explanation of the plot. As this text is disappearing an extreme low angle shot appears on the screen. It shows the gladiator standing tall and bold. The extreme low angle shot makes him appear brave and heroic while his stature tells us that he is a hero. On the clip, he is rising up the screen. This links in with the text that was shown just before and turns the metaphorical phrase into a physical happening making it easier for the audience to understand. In this section of the trailer we are also shown another fast paced montage of clips from the film. The first clip in this section shows the man standing in the arena, his hand in the air. This seems to resemble victory and shows the audience that he is most certainly the hero of the film. As this clip is being shown, over the cheering and background music, a piece of dialogue is played. â€Å"Caesar is proud to present Avius Maximus†. This instantly makes the audience feel that they can relate to the man better as they assume that the man shown is the one being talked about. The way that the dialogue is spoken also shows that the man is highly respected, has done amazing things and is a hero. This again shows us the epic aspect of the film. The next shot in this fast-paced sequence is a mid shot of a man who we presume to be Maximus, kissing a young woman. This is especially important to the secondary target audience. Females might be much more likely to want to see the film now that they know romance is involved. It shows the audience that the film isn't just about action and that it can fit into many different genres. This could be another unique selling point for the film. Overall, this shot is an extremely important part of the trailer, because, it makes the film appeal to a wider range of people in the audience and promotes the film greatly. The fast paced action scenes continue before more text is shown on the screen. This time, the text is showing us the name of the director, Ridley Scott. This instantly catches the audience's attention because he is such a famous director and is renowned for his action films. This will have a huge affect in promoting the film because it is yet another unique selling point that will persuade the audience to come and see the film. Straight after this text disappears, a bold logo appears on the screen saying â€Å"Gladiator†. As it appears on the screen, a deep, loud drumbeat is played to symbolise the importance of this word or logo. By not showing the name of the film, till the very end of the trailer, the audience are kept in suspense, wanting to know what the film is called. As well as this, the title of the film summarises the whole trailer because of the relevance that it has to the overall theme of the film. The one-word title is catchy and because of the way that it is presented in the trailer, it is likely that the audience will remember it and are therefore, more likely to go and see the film. The final thing to be shown at the end of the trailer is the release time of the film. However it is given a slight twist. The exact words on the screen are â€Å"coming soon 2000 AD†. While this gives the audience a clear understanding of when the film is to be released, it also adds to the final trace of the historical genre as the letters AD show us that the film is not set in the present day or they would not bother to put the letters there. Overall, I think that this trailer is effective and that it promotes the film using a number of different, useful techniques. The first reason why I think that this trailer is effective is because of the music. The music that is played throughout the trailer is just different variations on a simple military style drum roll. The thing that makes the music so effective is the way that it is synchronised with the different clips in the trailer. The music fits the trailer together in a way that makes it have most impact on the audience. After analysing the trailer, I have also found that the camera shots make the trailer very effective. The way that the different shots are used to communicate the importance, personality and roles of the characters, gives the audience a much better understanding of the characters and the overall plot of the film. Finally, I think that the way in which the trailer uses our stereotypical views and expectations make it very effective. The trailer gives the audience the basic plot but leaves the audience to decide for them self about the characters instead of spoon-feeding the information to them. This means that the audience have much more personal views about the characters and therefore feel more need to see the film. In my opinion, the â€Å"Gladiator† trailer is very effective and the use of camera shots, music, originality and plot should make the trailer successful in promoting the film.