Christian and Hopefuls escape from Doubting Castle Essay Example for Free

Christian and Hopefuls escape from Doubting Castle Essay Write a critical analysis of the extract (Christian and Hopefuls escape from Doubting Castle) discussing the characteristic features of Bunyans Style. Bunyan uses allegory and symbolism throughout Part one. This symbolism is used very effectively in this extract; we can see the powerful images that relate to the spiritual nature of the characters. Doubt is powerful and Bunyan emphasises the danger and trappings of doubt through dramatic phraseology and strong physical images: A very dark Dungeon, nasty and stinking to the Spirit of these two men. Bunyans dramatization of these events reflects also on the escape from the castle. Bunyan epitomises the ultimate despair in order to generate the joy and delight produced in the escape. This allows the reader to view the hope and joy that is present in the promises of God: there to condole their misery, and to mourn under their distress. And the door flew open with ease, and Christian and Hopeful both came out Bunyan also implements the use of dynamic verbs such as flew this makes the reader aware of the ease with which doubt is broken. The discovery of the key of promise, which frees Christian and Hopeful from Doubting Castle; shows the reader the hope that remains even in the toughest of situations. Bunyan tries to make the reader aware of the danger of doubt through symbolism. This allows the reader to be cautious of doubt in his or her own life. This is typical of Bunyan, as his work tends to guide to correction, encourage and to issue caution: Thats good news, good brother, pluck it out of thy bosom and try. Christians realisation of foolishness has the effect of reinforcing the promise of Hope. Bunyans representation of this in the form of a speech allows Christian to persuade the reader to correct their foolish ways: What a Fool, quoth he, am I, thus to lie in a stinking dungeon, when I may as well walk at liberty? Bunyans use of rhetorical questioning through Christians speech have the effect of encouraging the reader to question themselves. They also challenge the institution of doubt. Throughout part one we see the use of dialogue to encourage or reassure the characters. In this extract we can also view this as Hopeful speaks to Christian and questions his doubt over the situation: ; My brother, said he, rememberest thou not how valiant thou hast been heretofore? This has the effect of not only giving reassurance and encouragement to the characters but also to the reader. The use of pausing ensures that it is well understood. Bunyan uses imagery to create Giant Despair, a large and imposing figure this has the effect of showing the powerful and controlling nature of doubt. However Bunyan also recreates the image of the giant to facilitate the ideas and concepts he wishes. As the escape progresses the reader sees that the large and powerful image is not all that is seems and indeed it eventually leads to its own downfall. Bunyan uses this situation to warn and encourage the reader. It allows them to see that even though trials engulf they never actually succeed. Giant Despair, who, hastily rising to pursue his prisoners, felt his limbs to fail, for his fits took him again, so he could by no means go after them. Bunyan uses the Giants wife, Mrs Diffidence, to show the lack of direction that doubt has. It is created by the person and has no power. This has the effect of showing the reader that there is nothing that is worth doubt it is a formality and should be regarded as such. This dramatic characterisation helps to indicate that hope is important and in the setting of this journey it is hope that eventually conquers the situation. Bunyan shows the despondency and discouraging nature of the castle through Hopefuls speech however he also corrects their self-indulgence later in the speech with desire for patience and reliance on God from Hopeful: Also cut off the bread and water from my mouth, and with thee I mourn the light. But let us exercise a little more patience; remember.. The use of such dialogue relates also with Bunyans reliance on the bible as these descriptions may have also linked with the spiritual needs of a Christian. Bunyan uses the very low nature and despair created by doubt and allows the reader to see that hope was always present even if it was not always obvious to the characters. Bunyans use of dialogue extends beyond the pilgrims to the Giant and his wife, Mrs Diffidence. Then he asked her also what he had best to do further to them. So she asked him what they were, whence they came, and whither they were bound; and he told her. Then she counselled him that when he arose in the morning he should beat them without any mercy. This gives insight to the reader and creates dramatic irony, as the reader is aware of the weakness of the trials. One of Bunyans aims when writing The Pilgrims Progress was the instruction of Christians and throughout this extract we can see the encouragement and warnings that he provides and the way in which his writing reflects the authorial intention of the didactic purpose. Hopeful relates the experience of doubting castle to some of the earlier events in the book such as; the meeting with Apollyon and the valley of the Shadow of death. This has the effect of providing a link between the episodes of the dream, it helps to emphasise the representation of a journey and creates a development within the characters. Bunyan combines many different techniques and forms in the extract but the most effective of these is the dialogue between the pilgrims and also between their tormentors. Then, with a grim and surly voice, he bid them awake; and asked them whence they were, and what they did in his grounds. They told him they were pilgrims, and that they had lost their way. This speech allows the reader to be aware of the characters thoughts and emotions; and to immediately identify the characters motives. This also has the effect of furthering Bunyans didactic purpose. The combination of the many effects within The Pilgrims Progress allows it to be enjoyable to all and make it still appreciated from a literary perspective.

Female Lawyers in the 20th Century :: Attorneys Law Careers Professions Essays

Female Lawyers in the 20th Century As early as the American Civil War, women fought to enter the legal profession. Since then, they have repeatedly proven themselves competent, and yet many have felt the pressure of opposition from their male counterparts. Even today, discrimination still exists, not from outside the profession, but from within. The reader will confront the history of female attorneys, what obstacles stand in their way, what advances are being made with regards to equality, and where the profession stands today. In addition, the reader will confront interviews with actual women lawyers from New York City, and case studies from across the United States. These women each have unique backgrounds. They work in large law firms, in solo practices, and for the City of New York. For contrast, also included is an interview with a female attorney from Oneonta, New York. Oneonta is a small city in Upstate New York with a population of approximately 14,000. Through the use of these interviews and case st udies, the reader will get a first-hand accounting of what it means to be a female attorney today. History of Women in the Legal Profession The late 19th century saw the rise of the first female lawyers. The Civil War, as all subsequent wars, had an important affect on women. Women were brought out of the home in order to take over the roles of the men who were away at war. Some women did not wish to return to the domestic life they had left behind and sought their way into the professional world. The first female attorneys were married women, and most came from the Midwest. As there were no law schools at the time, women seeking to enter the legal profession were taught by their lawyer husbands. In 1869 Arabelle A. Manfield became the first woman to be granted a law license. However, not all women would be so fortunate. In 1870, Myra Bradwell passed the Illinois state legal examination. Unfortunately, the state of Illinois â€Å"refused to issue her a license on the grounds that law was a wholly unsuitable profession for any wife and mother.†[1] Unhappy with the decision, Bradwell appealed to the United States Supreme Court.

Explore Shakespeares presentation of Beatrice and Benedick in the play

Much Ado about Nothing is particularly admired for the wit and intelligence of Benedick and Beatrice, the warring couple which are comically tricked into falling love. Benedick is a vain, confident bachelor who holds a very typical view of women: no lady is ever good enough for him and to increase his self-esteem, he never misses an opportunity to mock Beatrice. We can see this from their first conversation which takes place in Act 1. Benedick approaches her by saying â€Å"What my dear Lady Disdain! Are you yet living? † Through this, Benedick expresses his sarcasm towards Beatrice and his desire for her not to still be alive, mocking her existence in the conversation. Benedick is a character that represents vanity; he tells Beatrice â€Å"but it is certain I am loved of all the ladies†. The use of â€Å"certain† emphasises the confidence that he has within his character and creates an air of arrogance, as he obviously seems to believe that he is irresistible and that no lady would refuse his charm. However, he is contradicting himself – he is loved by all the ladies, yet, he claims that he will â€Å"live a bachelor† because he finds women as not being trustworthy, as he states â€Å"I will do myself the right to trust none†. Therefore, Shakespeare uses Benedick’s vain and witty personality. Despite Benedick’s air of a very confident attitude, Benedick reveals a sensitive side to him. In Act 2, at the dance, Beatrice insults him; she pretends she does not know who is behind the mask, but she takes the opportunity to make Benedick feel miserable. When left alone, he says â€Å"The prince’s fool! Hah, it may be I go under that title because I am merry† – this highlights that he is affected by what Beatrice has said about him, however, despite de insulting name calling that Beatrice has addressed to him, he finds a way to make himself feel better about the situation by saying that being â€Å"merry† is the only reason why he goes under that title. This is ironic of him to say so, because as an audience we are clearly aware that he is hurt by the words she has said and that he is making â€Å"something out of nothing† – he is trying to block his emotional side and let the vanity take over, however it’s evident he cannot stand the assumptions Beatrice has made. Through this, Shakespeare creates comedy using Benedick’s contradictions regarding his self-esteem and ego – he won’t let it show that he has been hurt by a lady, even though inside he is hurting. Penny Gay says that â€Å"Words are often less important than actions† (The Cambridge Introduction to Shakespeare’s Comedies 2008). This can be applied to Benedick’s situation – he claims that he is not hurt by what he has heard, but the simple act of just talking about it reveals his pain, constructing comedy as he is not matching his words to his actions. Benedick’s fixated ambition of always remaining a bachelor slowly dies as he hears the others talk about Beatrice’s love for him, creating comedy as his attitudes contradict. Before Don Pedro, Claudio and Leonato begin to talk about Beatrice, he says â€Å"One woman shall not come in my grace†¦rich shall she be, that’s certain: wise, or I’ll none: virtuous, or I’ll never cheapen her†. This suggests that he is ignorant towards the women and that he is pretentious when it comes to choosing one: unless the perfect woman comes in his way, he will not do himself the wrong to look or search for any. However, after he hears the men talk about how Beatrice is in love with Benedick but won’t tell, Benedick has a sudden change of heart. He says â€Å"When I said I would die a bachelor, I did not think I should live till I were married†. This is comic because his attitudes to love have changed at an unexpected speed, which normally would not happen. Also, comedy is created through the fact that he has, involuntarily admitted that somewhere, deep down he was waiting for this to happen, even though he claimed that he hated Beatrice. Benedick is not the only one that is tricked; Beatrice is deceived by Ursula, Margaret and Hero into falling in love with Benedick. She had a very hostile attitude to marriage and love, mocking Hero and Claudio’s engagement by saying â€Å"I may sit in a corner and cry â€Å"Heigh ho for a husband†, however, despite her hard attitude, her vulnerable side is shown when she finds out that Benedick loves her and says â€Å"Taming my wild heart to my loving hand†¦if thou dost love, my kindness shall incite thee†. The powerful phrase â€Å"wild heart† emphasises that she has been holding the love in her for a long time and now it is the perfect opportunity to express it towards Benedick. This is also humorous because throughout the play, she showed hatred and mockery towards Benedick but now she claims that she is in love with him too, solving the problem of hatred between the two lovers. This reflects Alexander Leggatt’s view that â€Å"A comedy, then, is a problem solving story, ending in resolution and order normally symbolised by marriage† (English Stage Comedy 1490-1990 (1998). Once they admit their love for each other, it can be foreshadowed that a marriage will take place between Beatrice and Benedick – it is a comedy element that â€Å"the beginning is troubled, the end tranquil† (Euanthius: On Drama 4th Century). Not only deceived in love, but Beatrice is a witty, sarcastic and superior character. She seems to acquire pleasure out of mocking Benedick, creating humour because she is subverting her role as a woman – they were not usually superior over men, however, Beatrice goes against the norms. Her sarcasm is portrayed in â€Å"But how many hath he killed? – for indeed I promised to eat all of his killings†: here, Beatrice is clearly stating that Benedick is a coward and that he will never be brave enough to be a good soldier. She also mentions that â€Å"he hath an excellent stomach†, mocking his appearance. When confronted by Benedick’s vanity, she claims that â€Å"I had rather hear my dog bark at a crow than a man swears he loves me†. This is humorous because she is making comparisons between animals and humans and it is unusual to say that you would prefer an animal barking over someone dedicating their love to you; it gives a sense of coldness in her personality and that she is completely closed to love. However, this is ironic because later on in the play, she falls in love with Benedick. In conclusion, most critics concur that Shakespeare's depiction of the relationship between Beatrice and Benedick far surpasses that of Hero and Claudio in depth and interest. Scholars have often emphasized the fact that Shakespeare deliberately introduces the theme of the sparring mockers Beatrice and Benedick before the theme of the pallid romantics Hero and Claudio; and further, that when all of the principal characters are on stage together, the audience is drawn not to the tame love-at-first-sight relationship that develops between Hero and Claudio, but rather to the â€Å"merry war† between Beatrice and Benedick which later on in the play converts into a love relationship – this creates comedy because the audience is taken through endless wars of insults and mockery until foolishly and involuntarily admitting their love to each other, changing the mood of the relationship through the work of other characters, instead of being lovers from the beginning.

History Of India s History As A Country - 1259 Words

History of India India’s history as a country is one that extends far before the turn from B.C. to A.D. India can lay claim as one of the World’s oldest and most economically sound civilizations. Between 2800 B.C. and 1800 B.C. Indian civilization was known as the Indus Valley civilization. During that time, many of India’s city-sates were well established, and had prosperous trade relationships with other civilizations. During the time period before India was colonized by Great Britain, India was ruled by many powerful and influential dynasty. The Mauryas dynasty, for example, was one of India’s most economically prosperous times (Manian, 2014). Between 321 B.C. and 185 B.C. the Mauryas dynasty integrated most of the surrounding tribes. In relations to their success, the Mauryas dynasty also established one of the world’s first currencies, which allowed for trade to do very well throughout the surrounding tribes and foreign countries (Manian, 2014). The politician-scholar, known as Chanakya, wrote Arthasasthra during the Mauryas dynasty, which is still revered even today for disseminating the science of material gain (Pillalamarri, 2015). Colonial India After centuries of rein from numerous dynasties, a Portuguese explorer named Vasco de Gama visited India in 1498. Other European countries, such as the French, Dutch, and Brits began frequently visiting India for its resources and extensive trade routes. At the turn of the seventeenth century, the British East IndiaShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Imperialism On The Indian Economy1449 Words   |  6 PagesEffects of Imperialism to the Indian Economy In 2015 India was ranked among the highest countries globally in consumer confidence, this comes after the International Monetary Fund estimated an economic growth of up to 7% annually for the next decade in India. But this hasn t always been the case, in fact, it wasn t so long ago that India was simply another colonized nation around the world, not to mention it s usually rare to see this kind of economic growth in such a small periodRead MoreMexico Is A Product Of Its Past Political Violence Early1445 Words   |  6 PagesMexico is a product of its past; political violence early in its history proceeded to cause a quasi-authoritarian, corporatist regime. Its nationalist tone was a result of both foreign intervention and a search for stability, workers were expectant of unionized labor creating job security and a living wage, and businesses were accustomed to subsidies and tariff protection (Gill, 2014). However, this all changed in the 1980’s when Mexico experienced an economic crisis when the international economyRead Moretask 31185 Words   |  5 Pages1615 the East India Company acquired its first territory in Bombay, India. The East India Company was a British company that traded for goods, services, and raw materials with India. What initially started as a trading company became a company ruling a country with Brittan’s backing. The company established an army in India comprised mostly of local citizens called Sepoys. With help from the British army and navy, the East India Company fought other European countries also occupying India for controlRead MoreThe Imperialism Of India By George Marshall1739 Words   |  7 PagesKai Middlebrook Mrs.McKnight World Literature: Per. 5 11 October 2015 British Imperialism in India â€Å"After three shots, the elephant still does not die. Orwell fires his two remaining shots into the elephant’s heart. He sends someone to get his small rifle, then pours ‘shot after shot into his heart and down his throat.’ Still, the elephant does not die. Orwell, unable to stand the elephant’s suffering and unable to watch and listen to it, goes away. The elephant, like the Burmese people, has becomeRead MorePositive Effects of the British Colonization of India Essay1365 Words   |  6 Pagesof India. When the East India Company took control of India in 1612, they began modernizing, westernizing, and industrializing India. This westernization included giving women more rights, an attempt to eliminate the caste system and the loss of many of the more backward Hindu religious beliefs such as the domination of women by men and denying an entire class of people any rights. British occupation also did things long term for India. The modern technology a nd western customs allowed India toRead MoreIntroduction. The Pilgrimage Of Faxian And Xuanzang To1548 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The pilgrimage of Faxian and Xuanzang to the India is an important event in the cultural exchange between China and India because their experiences of pilgrimages have significant effects on not only development of Buddhism in China as well as cultural exchange between China and India. Faxian and Xuanzang actively participated in various Buddhist activities in India. Their travel experiences were maintained in detailed records of their precious books, which are preservation of valuableRead MoreImperialism : Modern Global History852 Words   |  4 PagesTianze Shan Ms. Bonne Modern Global History 30 October 2016 Imperialism happened in the history In the history, strong countries always trying to conquer the small and undeveloped countries in order to gain resources that they need and show their power, that’s called imperialism. This paper will talk about imperialism in Southeast Asia, India and South America, how European power imperialize those areas and how imperialism effect those areas. Southeast Asia is located at the corner of Asia, madeRead MoreFirst Phase of Foundation of Indian National Congress1480 Words   |  6 PagesNow History of India Art Culture | Entertainment | Health | Reference | Sports | Society | Travel in Articles Go Forum | Free E-magazine | RSS Feeds History of India : Sources of History of India | Ancient History of India | Medieval History of India | Modern History of India | Indian Historical Dynasties | Indian Battles | Sepoy Mutiny 1857 | Indian Rulers | History of India | Indian Freedom Struggle | Indian Governor- Generals | British Indian Acts | Post Independence India | IronRead MoreIndia Of The Indus Valley Civilization1087 Words   |  5 PagesIndia, the Indus Valley civilization is truly an ancient seat of human civilization. Being the seventh largest country in the world, India has always been rich in both natural and human resources. So far as human history goes India towers in its achievements among which would be included written language, philosophy and one of the earliest large scale urban civilizations. The history of India is replete with many examples of the integration of indigenous peoples with the migrating peoples of theRead MoreWestern Colonization Essay1061 Words   |  5 Pageswere many countries that had ever been colonized in the world. India is one of these countries that affected by the Britain very much. From 16th century to 20th century, British colonialist began the aggression and expanding. England had ever governed many countries by using force methods . Absolutely, India became the target because of its widely nature products and lack of military power. The ancient country was suffering the colonial bearing. As English invade , many parts of India were changed